Key takeaways:
Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), you may qualify for premium subsidies — discounts that reduce the monthly cost of your health insurance plan.
Subsidies are tax credits based on your estimated income in a coverage year. If your actual income is more than expected, this may result in a higher tax bill later.
There are income limits to qualify for financial help on your monthly premium. If your household income is too high, you won’t qualify for savings.
Changes to your income can also alter the amount you pay each month for your ACA health plan. Less income can increase the amount of financial help your household receives, and more income can reduce the amount you receive.
Table of contents
Income limits
Estimating income
Income to include
ACA benefits
Income’s effect on coverage
ACA affordability
How to enroll
Bottom line
References
![ACA (Obamacare) Income Limits for 2024 - GoodRx (1) ACA (Obamacare) Income Limits for 2024 - GoodRx (1)](https://i0.wp.com/www.grxstatic.com/4f3rgqwzdznj/1R2lteIvIbtU6f1DDrt2NK/bbc0aa2042c7f454f2319daf01af9a14/GettyImages-1270067438.jpg?format=pjpg&auto=webp&width=704)
The Affordable Care Act is the 2010 comprehensive health law known as “Obamacare” or, simply, the ACA.
The Affordable Care Act offers new financial help that will make health plans more accessible than ever in the 2024 coverage year. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) reports that four out of five marketplace customers will be able to find a plan for $10 or less per month after subsidies.
Health insurance through an Affordable Care Act marketplace plan can help protect you from financial pain if you have an injury or illness. ACA plans are also a safety net for people who do not have access to job-based insurance or government insurance, such as Medicaid and Medicare.
The ACA may allow you to receive a premium tax credit, or premium subsidy, based on your household’s size and income. This will help you save on the monthly cost of your health insurance plan.
What are the income limits to qualify for an Obamacare (ACA) plan?
What you pay for Obamacare and how much you save depend on your household income. You qualify for a subsidy based on how your household income compares to the federal poverty level (FPL).
The ACA uses your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) to determine savings. This is different from your adjusted gross income (AGI), which appears on your tax return. MAGI is not a number found on your tax return.
Additionally, your savings will be calculated from an estimated household income for the year in which you want health insurance coverage. A snapshot of qualifying income limits is shown in the chart below.
2023 Federal Poverty Guidelines Snapshot (to Be Used for 2024 Coverage Year Income Estimates)
Household size | 100% of federal poverty level | 138% of federal poverty level | 400% of federal poverty level |
---|---|---|---|
1 | $14,580 | $20,120 | $58,320 |
2 | $19,720 | $27,214 | $78,880 |
3 | $24,860 | $34,307 | $99,440 |
4 | $30,000 | $41,400 | $120,000 |
5 | $35,140 | $48,493 | $140,560 |
Generally, if your household income is 100% to 400% of the federal poverty level, you will qualify for a premium tax credit. This means an eligible single person can earn from $14,580 to $58,320 in 2024 and qualify for the tax credit. (Tax credit information for the 2024 coverage year is based on 2023 federal poverty guidelines.) A family of three would qualify with income from $24,860 to $99,440 in 2024. The income range is $30,000 to $120,000 in 2024 for a family of four. (Income limits may be higher in Alaska and Hawaii because the federal poverty level is higher in those states.)
The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 also extended subsidy eligibility to some people earning more than 400% of the federal poverty level.
Do I qualify for a premium tax credit?
Heathcare.gov offers a calculator to help you determine whether you qualify for savings. The site also explains what kinds of income to include in your estimate.
If your income is below 138% of the federal poverty level, and you live in a state with expanded Medicaid coverage, you may qualify for Medicaid, based solely on your income. The Affordable Care Act enrollment process will help you sign up for Medicaid in your state.
If your income is below 100% of the federal poverty level, you are probably not eligible for savings on an ACA plan or for Medicaid solely based on income. You may qualify for Medicaid based on disability, age, or certain conditions. You could enroll in the lowest-cost ACA plan, if you can afford to do so, or explore free or low-cost healthcare options in your area.
How do I estimate my income?
As mentioned earlier, MAGI is different from AGI. Your AGI is a number found on your tax return; it appears on line 11 of IRS Form 1040. MAGI is a modified figure and an estimate of your expected earnings in the coverage year. MAGI does not include Supplemental Security Income (SSI).
Income for your household includes information about you, your spouse, and everyone you'll claim as a tax dependent on your federal tax return (if the dependents are required to file). You should include their income even if they don’t need health coverage.
MAGI starts with your AGI, plus:
Untaxed or tax-exempt foreign income
Non-taxable Social Security benefits
Tax-exempt interest
Then, you’ll add information about these changes in income or life circ*mstances:
Anticipated raises
Income generated by new work or other employment changes, including self-employment income
Changes to other income, such as Social Security and investments
Household changes, such as gaining or losing dependents
Whether you add alimony depends; it’s added if the separation and divorce were finalized before January 1, 2019, but not on or after that date
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What kind of income can you include in your estimate?
Here’s a list of the types of income you should and should not include in your estimate:
How to Calculate Your Income Estimate
Include | Do not include |
---|---|
Federal taxable wages from your job | Child support |
Gifts | |
Self-employment income | Supplemental Security Income (SSI) |
Unemployment income | Veterans disability payments |
Social Security income | Workers’ compensation |
Social Security Disability Income (SSDI) | Proceeds from loans |
Retirement or pension income | Child tax credit checks or deposits from the IRS |
Investment income | |
Rental or royalty income |
What does the Affordable Care Act cover?
The Affordable Care Act aims to make healthcare coverage more accessible in several ways:
Households with incomes from 100% to 400% of the federal poverty level receive subsidies that reduce their health insurance costs.
States have the option of expanding Medicaid to cover people with household incomes below 138% of the federal poverty level, or $41,400 for a family of four in 2024.
Consumers receive preventive care services without out-of-pocket costs.
Consumers who have pre-existing health conditions can receive coverage.
Young adults can remain on their parents' health insurance plans until age 26.
ACA health insurance plans also cover these 10 essential health benefits:
Emergency services
Hospitalization
Laboratory services
Mental health and substance use disorder services
Outpatient care
Pediatric services, including oral and vision care for children
Prescription drugs
Preventive and wellness services
Rehabilitative services
How does my income affect what I pay for coverage?
The ACA provides savings for low-income and moderate-income individuals and families. Generally, the less money you make, the more financial help you will receive under the law.
Individuals and families earning 100% to 400% of the federal poverty level — and sometimes more — will qualify for savings on monthly premiums. What you pay each month also depends on the plan you select.
ACA plans are organized by ”metal” tiers: bronze, silver, gold, and platinum. Bronze plans have the lowest monthly premiums but the highest out-of-pocket costs when you receive care. Platinum plans have the highest monthly costs but the lowest expenses when you access care.
More generous subsidies now fully cover the cost of a benchmark silver plan for consumers with incomes up to 150% of the federal poverty level. This same group also receives extra savings (which are only available when you are enrolled in a silver plan) that greatly reduce deductibles and copays to costs similar to platinum plans.
Subsidies are based on your estimated income in a coverage year, but your actual income could be higher or lower. If your earnings are less or more, your premium tax credit could be adjusted. For example, if you earn more than you estimated, you may have a higher tax bill because you received too much in subsidies. To avoid this, make sure you report income changes throughout the year.
How does the ACA make individual health insurance more affordable?
The ACA makes health insurance more affordable by:
Placing certain limits on what insurance providers can charge consumers. Insurers are prohibited from charging consumers higher premiums because they have a pre-existing condition such as cancer or diabetes.
Providing subsidies to low-income and moderate-income people to reduce their overall health insurance costs.
Ensuring that consumers covered by ACA health plans receive certain preventive health services — including wellness visits, mammograms, and other screenings, as well as some vaccinations — without out-of-pocket costs.
Offering additional cost-sharing reductions for people who qualify and choose a silver plan. These are “extra savings” on out-of-pocket expenses such as your deductible, copayments, and coinsurance.
Allowing states to expand their Medicaid programs to provide coverage to people with slightly higher incomes than previously qualified.
How do I enroll in the ACA?
There are several ways to sign up:
Enroll online through Healthcare.gov.
Use the Find Local Help tool to locate in-person assistance in your area with a navigator as well as with an agent or broker. All of them are trained to walk you through the marketplace process, and services are free.
Apply through the website of a certified enrollment partner, such as a private health insurance company.
Enroll by phone by contacting the Marketplace Call Center at 800-318-2596. This line is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week — excluding holidays — with service in English and other languages.
Complete and mail in an application.
The bottom line
The Affordable Care Act offers health insurance options for people who don’t have access to job-based insurance and may not qualify for Medicaid. The ACA now offers most enrollees premium subsidies that reduce monthly healthcare costs. Initially, your premium tax credit will be based on your estimated income for the coverage year. Your actual income may be more or less than expected. If your income exceeds your estimate, this may result in a higher tax bill.
References
CMS.gov. (2023). Marketplace plan year 2024 open enrollment fact sheet.
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). How to estimate your expected income.
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Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Income levels & savings.
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Adjusted gross income (AGI).
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Affordable Care Act (ACA).
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Agent and broker (health insurance).
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Coinsurance.
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Copayment.
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Cost sharing.
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Count income & household size.
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Coverage for pre-existing conditions.
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Deductible.
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Federal poverty level (FPL).
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Getting covered if you’re under 30.
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Medicaid expansion & what it means for you.
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Modified adjusted gross income (MAGI).
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Navigator.
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Pre-existing condition.
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Preventive health services.
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). Ways to apply for health insurance.
Healthcare.gov. (n.d.). What marketplace health insurance plans cover.
Kaiser Family Foundation. (2023). Explaining health care reform: Questions about health insurance subsidies.
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. (n.d.). HHS poverty guidelines for 2023.
GoodRx Health has strict sourcing policies and relies on primary sources such as medical organizations, governmental agencies, academic institutions, and peer-reviewed scientific journals. Learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate, thorough, and unbiased by reading our editorial guidelines.
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